Generic Mapping Of Human Activity-based
Exposure Scenarios To Petroleum Hydrocarbon
Contaminants In An Oil Producing Area Of The
Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria
Author(s)
W. J. Shittu, C. P. Nathanail & R. J. Abrahart
Abstract
Oil spills worldwide may occur during production and transportation by
accident, equipment failure and error. However, the common cause in the Niger
Delta region of Nigeria has been attributed to pipeline sabotage and vandalism.
Over the past 50 years a total of 6,817 oil spill incidents have been recorded
resulting in the discharge of more than 9 million barrels of crude oil into the
environment of which over 70 per cent remains unrecovered. The negative
impact of such oil spills on human health and the environment can be severe.
Most of the oil spills in the region occur from pipeline discharge in or near rural
communities where people survive mainly on naturally available resources,
engaging daily in traditional activities like hunting, fishing, farming and
gathering even at the risk of exposure to oil contaminated media.
This paper identify traditional rural activities in the region and map areas
vulnerable to risk of exposure to petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants, base on a
relative risk ranking model for traditional activities undertaken by the people. It
indicates traditional activity with the highest risk according to age/gender
following an average daily exposure scenario. To achieve this, oil spill site
datasets from 1985 – 2008; spatial location of 354 rural communities; several
kilometres of pipeline network digitised from SPOT satellite imaging was
inputted into a GIS to map community proximity to oil pipeline routes and
historic spill sites. Map overlay, buffering and Boolean operations were
performed to determine community vulnerability to oil spill releases using
proximity to pipelines and rivers, and land use type. The map will be beneficial
Keywords
risk, contaminants, exposure, pathway, oil spill, pollution
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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