Respiratory Toxicity Of Aspergillus Versicolor:
The Most Common Indoor Mould In Slovakia
Author(s)
E. Piecková, M. Hurbánková, S. Černá, M. Majorošová,
Z. Kováčiková & D. Pangallo
Abstract
A mould Aspergillus versicolor clearly dominates in damp and mouldy indoor
environments under Slovak dwelling/public building conditions (up to 1/3 of all
isolates during the last decade’s surveys). Nearly all of its isolates are able to
synthesize a mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (detected by LC/MS-MS), that showed
severe in vitro as well as in vivo toxic potential in animal experiments (after
intratracheal instillation to rats). In vitro toxicity of complex chloroformextractable
endo- and exometabolites of 10 indoor, and related outdoor, A.
versicolor isolates from a heavily mouldy kids’ fashion store in Slovakia with
complaints from the occupants of irritation of their airways has been evaluated
by a bioassay with tracheal organ cultures of one-day old chicks (20 microg of
toxicants per mL of cultivation medium). In the in vivo experiments, respiratory
toxicity of the same metabolite mixtures was tested in Wistar rats during three
days. The inflammatory and cytotoxic biomarkers were then analyzed in
bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Searching for the fungus possible source,
molecular epidemiological study of the isolates was performed using RAMP
PCR. Strains colonizing the indoor walls of the shop were the highest correlated
to the outdoor airborne ones (Pearson correlation 97%). While indoor airborne
isolates correlated to the strains growing on retailed clothes at the levels of 90 or
86% according to Pearson. All micromycetes produced secondary metabolites
that ceased ciliary beating in tracheal epithelium in the organ cultures already in
24 hrs of the activity, i.e. in the sense of the method used, they belong to strong
toxicants. Two of the isolates tested also produced extrolites without toxic
effects detectable by the method. The metabolites also showed certain cytotoxic
Keywords
dwellings, dampness, fungal toxic metabolites, airways, intratracheal instillation
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