Ecological Effects Of Underwater Destruction Of
Detonators In Lake Ormtjärn, Sweden:
The Impact From Lead
Author(s)
B. E. Liljedahl, U. Qvarfort, R. Berglind & J. Sjöström
Abstract
After the Second World War, dumping in lakes was a rational way to solve the
security problem with the extensive amount of unused, aging ammunition. Most
commonly the ammunition was dumped in sealed boxes or as pieces. In some
cases the ammunition was deliberately detonated when dumped. In Ormtjärn, a
small lake in central Sweden, very high levels of lead (1900 mg/kg dry weight
Pb) were detected in the sediments indicating a possible need for remediation.
The lead was expected to originate from years of underwater destruction of about
1.5 million detonators containing lead azide. The lake is unique in the sense that
the lead levels are among the highest in Sweden, the boundary is well defined
and that no other source of pollutant is present in the lake. It is also the only
known major site for underwater destruction of detonators in freshwaters in
Sweden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental impact from
underwater destruction of detonators containing lead azide in this natural forest
lake.
Samples were taken of sediment, bottom water, surface water, bottom fauna
and littoral and was analysed for Pb and physical parameters in order to
investigate if a possible effect on biota could be demonstrated from the heavily
polluted sediment. Acute toxicity of sediment was determined with a mouse cell
assay.
Results showed high to very high lead content (1500-2000 mg/kg dry weight)
in sediment down to 25 cm depth evenly distributed over the whole lake. Water
showed low levels (surface water) to high levels (bottom water) of Pb.
Disturbance on bottom fauna was observed for BQI-index but none for O/Cindex.
No effect on littoral fauna was found. Acute toxicity was low for bottom
Keywords
bottom fauna, detonators, ecological impact, lead (Pb), littoral fauna, sediment, underwater destruction
Related Book
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