Assessing The Impact Of Tourism: Intellectual
And Economic Struggles And Landscape Changes
On Kihnu Island
Author(s)
P.-K. Parts & K. Sepp
Abstract
Issues of the assessment of the impact of tourism on the cultural environment
will be discussed using the example of Kihnu island (Estonia), which has been
included in the list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of
Humanity by UNESCO as the Kihnu Cultural Space. Kihnu is a small island
(16.9 km²) near the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, and has a population of about
530 residents. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, traditional economic
activities like fishery and agriculture have undergone a severe decline; instead,
new economic activities such as tourism, the sale of traditional delicacies,
handicrafts etc., have become an important source of income on Kihnu. These
changes have had a great influence on the cultural and natural landscapes of the
island, as well as on social and political relationships, and have brought together
manifold conflicts between the interests of tourism and the traditional economy,
the different agendas of local interest groups and the cultural and economic elite,
national policies etc. The interpretive analysis of official planning texts and
interviews with different local actors indicated the remarkable sensitivity of the
issues concerning tourism, resulting often in a euphemistic way of defining
problems and development priorities in the field. As environmental impacts can
only be assessed in relation to certain socially defined objectives, the described
situation makes it very complicated to assess the impact of tourism or to offer
up-to-date recommendations concerning tourism for the protection of both the
natural and cultural environment. Nevertheless, in order to advance a further
discussion on the assessment of the impact of tourism, initial explorative
indicators will be set out, relying on the example of Kihnu.
Keywords: tourism impact assessment, cultural environment, participatory
methods, indicators.
Keywords
tourism impact assessment, cultural environment, participatory
methods, indicators.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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