Mitigation Of Flood Hazards In Japan
Author(s)
M. Takezawa, H. Gotoh & Y. Takeuchi
Abstract
In recent years, there have been instances of unusually heavy rain in Japan,
including rainfall in excess of 200 mm/day. The aim of flood-control planning in
Japan since 1945 has been to confine river water to within riverbanks and to
ensure that levees protect river basins from flooding. In many rivers, dams were
constructed in upstream areas and long levees were built along the riverbanks.
The main aim of flood-control planning is to prevent the flooding of river basins
by the over-flow of river water across riverbanks; however, as rainfall prediction
has recently become difficult because of the effects of global warming, the main
emphasis of flood-control planning has shifted from prevention to providing
areas of refuge. Flood hazards must be dealt with by ‘hard measures’ such as
levees and reservoirs, and ‘soft measures’ such as the provision of hydrological
information, regulation of land use, and evacuation advice. In 2001, the Japanese
Government made it mandatory for all regional bodies to compile and distribute
flood-hazard maps to inform inhabitants of the danger of flooding and the
locations of sites of refuge for all inhabitants.
It is difficult to provide residents with complete protection from flooding
hazards. Many people in Japan live alongside rivers, and Japanese culture has
long encompassed wet-rice cultivation. Communities have always lived under
the threat of flooding, but the profitability of river water makes it preferable to
live close to a river even if flooding occurs at times of heavy rain.
In this paper, we describe measures taken to mitigate flood hazards and
present a number of case studies.
Keywords: flood hazard, mitigation, flood control, rainfall, river basin.
Keywords
flood hazard, mitigation, flood control, rainfall, river basin.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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