River Water Qualities And Types Of
Agricultural Production –a Comparison
Between Paddy Farming And
Intensive Livestock Production Areas
Author(s)
S.-I. Mishima
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) flows in the Omoigawa and Nakagawa river basins in Tochigi
prefecture, central Japan, in 2000 have been estimated. Omoigawa was
characterized as a paddy rice – upland field area and Nakagawa as an intensive
livestock farming area. Residual N caused by agricultural production in
Omoigawa was caused mainly by chemical fertilizer application and that in
Nakagawa by livestock excreta. Residual N from agricultural production per
farmland area was the same (c. 110 kg N ha–1), and occupation of farmland was
also the same (c. 20%). Because Omoigawa is a smaller river basin than
Nakagawa, total residual N in Omoigawa was 2,093 Mg and that in Nakagawa
was 2,469 Mg. Nitrogen flow in river water was divided into sewage-derived N
and non-point-source-derived N, mainly from agricultural production. Nonpoint-
source N in Omoigawa was 2,467 Mg and that in Nakagawa was 1,426
Mg, in spite of the smaller residual N in Omoigawa. This difference might be
caused by differences in sources of residual N in each basin, and chemicalfertilizer-
derived N might be more easily leached to the water environment than
livestock-excreta-derived N. This difference should be considered in
vulnerability assessments of water environments. However, livestock excreta N
will eventually leach out too, so intensive livestock farming cannot be said to
have a lower effect on water environments and be more sustainable than
chemical-fertilizer-dependent agriculture. Increasing sustainability and reducing
impacts will help achieve complete N cycling in river basins with minimal N
input from outside.
Keywords: agriculture, nitrogen cycling, nitrogen surplus, river water.
Keywords
agriculture, nitrogen cycling, nitrogen surplus, river water.
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