Review Of On-site And Communal Water And
Sanitation Systems For Remote Communities
Author(s)
A. Perks & T. Johnson
Abstract
Many small communities across Canada rely on on-site or communal water and
wastewater systems to meet their needs, and several factors are likely to
reinforce this direction: a) the reduction in grants available from senior levels of
government to assist small communities with capital upgrades; b) the emergence
of new small scale technologies for water and wastewater treatment that can be
cost-effectively applied at the small community level, reducing the need for
costly underground piping networks; and c) regulatory pressures to adopt full
cost pricing that will force small communities to seek lower cost solutions.
Servicing costs for small communities may be significantly reduced and still
provide acceptable and comparable levels of service, as well as employment
opportunities within the communities. Because many significant problems and /
or failures in on-site and communal water systems have been attributed to
inadequate O&M, it is unlikely that more complex technologies requiring higher
levels of expertise will represent a sustainable solution. On-site and communal
systems may be a more sustainable solution for smaller communities, perhaps
using contract O&M services, and should be carefully considered.
Keywords: water, wastewater, onsite, policy, community servicing.
1 Introduction
Throughout Canada, small communities are typically served by on-site or
communal water and wastewater systems where it is impractical to construct a
centralized system due to the high cost and/or low density of population.
According to Environment Canada’s MUD survey in 2001, more than three
million rural homes and buildings are not connected to municipal systems.
Dalhousie University has reported that more than 50% of the population of
Keywords
water, wastewater, onsite, policy, community servicing.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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