Fugitive Dust From Agricultural Land Affecting
Air Quality Within The Columbia Plateau, USA
Author(s)
B. S. Sharratt
Abstract
Windblown dust originating from agricultural land has contributed to poor air
quality within the Columbia Plateau region of the Pacific Northwest United
States. In fact, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)
national ambient air quality standard for PM10 (particulates ≤10 µm in diameter)
is exceeded each year in the Columbia Plateau due to fugitive dust emitted from
agricultural land. Winter wheat - summer fallow is the conventional crop rotation
employed on >1.5 million ha within the region. During the 13-month summer
fallow period, multiple tillage operations are performed to conserve soil water
and control weeds; these tillage operations also create erosive soil conditions due
to burial of crop residue and degradation of soil aggregates. Instrumentation was
installed to measure sediment flux and PM10 concentration at the windward and
leeward positions in fields maintained in summer fallow. Soil loss resulting from
singular high wind events ranged from 0 to 2317 kg/ha over a four-year
observation period. The corresponding loss of PM10 during these high wind
events ranged from 0 to 212 kg/ha. For those events with measurable soil loss,
PM10 comprised 5 to 12% of the total soil loss. Although loss of PM10 during
high wind events is relatively small compared to total soil loss, such quantities
are sufficient to degrade air quality. In fact, under atmospheric conditions, which
accompany high wind events within the Columbia Plateau, a loss of only 5 kg/ha
of PM10 from all agricultural land in summer fallow is sufficient to raise
ambient PM10 concentration above the US EPA standard. Therefore, alternative
tillage or cropping practices are sought for reducing the loss of topsoil and PM10
from fields managed in summer fallow during high wind events.
Keywords: PM10, wind erosion, fugitive dust, agriculture, particulate matter,
high winds, dust storms, windblown dust.
Keywords
PM10, wind erosion, fugitive dust, agriculture, particulate matter,
high winds, dust storms, windblown dust.
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