Physical Phenomena In Wildfire Modelling
Author(s)
D. Morvan
Abstract
Modeling wildfires is a big challenge in Computational Science. The behavior of
fires is governed by very complex physical phenomena including various non
linear mechanisms such as: the turbulent transport in the atmosphere, the
turbulent mixing between the ambient air and the pyrolysis products resulting
from the thermal degradation of the vegetation, the heat transfers by convection
and radiation between the flame and the vegetation. During the last decades,
progress in the computational resources, allowed the development of a new
generation of physical models. This new approach to study the behavior of
wildfires is based on the resolution of balance equations (mass, momentum,
energy) governing the evolution of the coupled system formed by a vegetation
strata with the ambient air located in the vicinity of a fire front. After introducing
the main physical phenomena occurring during the propagation of a wildfire, we
present some numerical simulations obtained using the FIRESTAR model (EU
FP5) for surface fires in grassland and shrubland. Depending on the ratio
between the intensity of the wind flow and the buoyant plume above the flame
front, the numerical results highlighted two different regimes of propagation: the
plume dominated fires and the wind driven fires.
Keywords: wildfire behaviour, physical modelling.
1 Introduction and physical considerations
Modelling the behaviour of wildfire [1] needs to identify the main physical
mechanisms governing the heat transfer between the fire front and the unburned
vegetation, necessary to heat and ignite the vegetation and finally to sustain the
propagation of the fire. To simulate numerically the behaviour of a wildfire, we
have to adapt the mesh size used to discretize the physical domain, to the
Keywords
wildfire behaviour, physical modelling.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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