Forest Fire Impacts On Buildings
Author(s)
E. Mikkola
Abstract
Buildings and built areas may suffer from severe damage caused by forest and
wild land fires. For the safety of people and the reduction of property losses it is
important to be prepared by use of proper building construction and materials in
potential areas of forest fires. This paper summarises the key factors to be taken
into account when considering the impacts of forest fires on buildings:
conditions caused by forest fires, impact mechanisms and the response of
buildings and building materials.
Keywords: forest fire, buildings, ignition, heat transfer, simulation.
1 Introduction
Forest and wild land fires do not only burn down forests but also have serious
impacts on buildings and infrastructures as well as endangering the safety of
people. Many fires also occur in the wild land urban interfaces because human
activities are the most common causes of forest fires.
In principle, there are three heat transfer mechanisms than can cause the
ignition of buildings: radiation from the flames, convection of hot gases and
spotting, i.e. transport of hot particles and firebrands. In an on-going project
FIRE PARADOX [1] these mechanisms are being studied. These studies
include, for example, the prediction of fire conditions at targets and the
modelling of ignition or damage to building materials. Predictions of radiative
heat fluxes and temperatures at target are being analysed as well as the
transportation of firebrands. Key parameters are the fire front parameters (such
as fire front height, depth and width, fire front intensity (MW/unit area)),
distance to target, wind speed and target properties (such as materials exposed,
openings/ventilation, etc.).
Keywords
forest fire, buildings, ignition, heat transfer, simulation.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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