Biomarkers Of Pollution In Soils Irrigated With
Wastewater In Tunisia
Author(s)
F. Ben Fredj, M. Irie, J. Han, A. Charef, A. Ghrabi & H. Isoda
Abstract
Wastewater reuse for irrigation is expected in the Mediterranean basin as a
sustainable alternative with socio-economic benefits. However, wastewater
carries considerable amounts of harmful chemicals and trace toxic metals that are
able to accumulate in soil. This pollution loading is threatening both the
vegetation and the groundwater and, consequently, human health. Therefore, in
this study, in vitro bioassays were used to evaluate the adverse effects of
wastewater and soil extract samples, on mammalian cells, with respect to heavy
metal content (Ni, Cd, Pb, Fe and Al). The irrigation water, from a wastewater
treatment plant, was sampled at Zaouit-Sousse perimeter in Tunisia. A
representative soil profile irrigated with wastewater (0-90 cm) and a nonirrigated
profile (0-40 cm), serving as a control, were sampled in the olive-treeoccupied
perimeter. The estrogenic activity of the samples was investigated
using the E-screen assay, while the heat shock protein (HSP) 47 assay aimed to
determine the stress response of HSP 47-promoter-transfected cells following
sample addition. Furthermore, proteomics analyses were performed, aiming to
establish specific biomarkers of environmental pollutants. The irrigation water
samples induced a high estrogenic activity when the MCF-7 cells were treated at
10% due to the presence of estrogenic compounds. The E-screen assay revealed
a cytotoxic effect of the surface soil samples (0-20 cm), even at low
concentrations (0.001%). Furthermore, the proteomics experiments allowed the
identification of specific biomarkers for estrogenicity and cytotoxicity on MCF-7
cells. Moreover, significant stress response was observed following the
incubations of the HSP 47-promoter-transfected cells with wastewater samples,
Keywords
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