Elemental Carbon As An Indicator To Monitor
The Effectiveness Of Traffic Related Measures
On Local Air Quality
Author(s)
M. H. Voogt, A. R. A. Eijk, M. P. Keuken & P. Zandveld
Abstract
Even when European standards on air quality are met, health effects occur near
busy roads because of the increased exposure to tailpipe emissions. For a proper
assessment of these effects, an additional indicator is available: elemental carbon
(EC). This is a sensitive indicator for particulate matter from combustion
emissions by road traffic. Currently, the concentrations of EC along busy roads
are still significantly increased relative to the background, in contrast to PM10
and PM2.5. Therefore, the effectiveness of traffic measures on local air quality
and associated health effects can be better assessed with EC than with PM mass.
This paper discusses the relevance of EC as an indicator in the assessment of air
quality and health. This is illustrated with two pilot studies in the Dutch cities of
Arnhem and Helmond where traffic measures were evaluated with EC
measurements. Also model calculations of the effect of 80 km/h speed limit
zones on Dutch motorways on the health risks of local residents are presented. It
is concluded that the assessment of EC through monitoring and/or modelling is a
powerful policy instrument to analyse the impact of local traffic measures on air
quality and health. Typically, people living close to busy road transport may live
1 to 6 months longer when measures like enhancing traffic flow, speed limiting
and environmental zoning are implemented.
Keywords: EC, traffic measures, health, measuring, modelling.
1 Introduction
Authorities implement traffic measures in order to improve the accessibility and
quality of the urban environment. Examples of such actions are: volume measures
to reduce inner city traffic e.g. by parking policy and encouraging cycling and
Keywords
EC, traffic measures, health, measuring, modelling
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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