Intervisibility Analysis Of An Offshore Wind Farm
Using GIS Tools
Author(s)
A. Errico, F. Guastaferro, C. Oliviero & R. Santamaria
Abstract
One of Kyoto’s protocol targets is to limit greenhouse gas emissions produced
by human activities through renewable energy and the conversion of wind
energy into a useful form of energy (for example electricity) which is a kind of
renewable source undergoing strong development.
In this work, the study is focused on offshore aeolic parks. The term \“offshore
aeolic” indicates wind turbines installed a few miles from the coasts of seas or
lakes, exploiting the exposure of strong currents. The offshore aeolic farms have
some disadvantages including the impact of these generators on the landscape,
but they produce a minimum visual disturbance compared to onshore aeolic
farms. Environmental Impact Assessment (known as the EIA), introduced in
Europe by the 377/85/EEC Directive and amended three times, in 1997
(Directive 97/11/EC), in 2003 (Directive 2003/35/EC) and in 2009 (Directive
2009/31/EC), ensures that natural resources, usability and identity of landscapes
are not compromised by engineering operations. Planning applications must be
accompanied by an Environmental Statement (ES), with the purpose of giving an
idea about the effect that the operations will have on the local environment. One
of the main aims of the ES is the understanding of the likely visual intrusion of
the proposed wind farm, which necessitates the use of visual techniques. A
visual technique commonly used is the intervisibility map, normally represented
by a two-dimensional map, centered on the location of the wind farm. Digital
Terrain Models (DTMs) are used to achieve Thematic Maps obtained with GIS
software. In this paper, GIS tools are used to identify the effects of wind farms
on the landscape; in particular, attention is focused on Map Algebra functions
and the study of the analysis of the intervisibility of an offshore aeolic farm is
Keywords
offshore aeolic farm, intervisibility, viewshed, GIS, DTM
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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