DRIVERS OF EARLY WASTE DISPOSAL ACTIVITIES IN ENGLAND
Author(s)
SITI KHADIJAH ABD. GANI
Abstract
This paper aimed to identify drivers that triggered early waste disposal activities in England. Various publications were used to identify historical events related to waste disposal activity, recorded from 1297 to 1948. A synthesis matrix is used to relate various historical events to waste activity. The historical events are then illustrated in a diagram, in order to identify the drivers. This study found that disasters in the form of fire, pandemic diseases and wars, as well as the Industrial Revolution, directly triggered early disposal activities in England (in particular in London).
Keywords
drivers, early disposal sites, England, historical events, solid waste management, United Kingdom, waste disposal activity
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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