Seawater Desalination By Using Salinity –
Gradient Solar Pond Technologies
Author(s)
A.-K. M. Hussain & R. M. Y. Edaayf
Abstract
Natural sources of fresh water for drinking are limited in the arid regions located
along a seashore. The typical seawater has a salinity of about 35x103 p.p.m of
which 30x103 p.p.m is NaCl. The accepted quality standards for drinking water
are 5x102 p.p.m of (T.D.S) and 2x102 p.p.m of NaCl. The energy needed for
desalination processes in arid regions can be obtained from the Sun by using the
salinity-gradient solar pond technology. The cost of developing this technology
in the arid regions and developed countries located in the Middle East and North
Africa, where solar energy and abundant salty water are avaiable, is usually
much lower compared to that in advanced countries.
In this paper, an attempt is made to study and analyse the course of technology
advancement in solar ponds. This paper summarizes the efforts wanted on solar
pond development in Libya. This paper outlines the various technical problems
that have to be solved during the construction and operation period of the solar
pond and gives suggestions for a future course of development.
Keywords: seawater, desalination, salinity – gradient, solar pond, technologies,
sun, Middle East, North Africa.
1 Introduction
The total amount of seawater in the World amounts to about 4 x 1020 m3 and
would constitute unlimited resources of raw water for coastal areas. The salinity
of seawater means the total quantity of dissolved salts (T.D.S). The salinity of
seawater in the World is classified as shown in table 1, Sverdra et al [1].
Many arid areas are situated along the seacoast. If saline water could be
converted to fresh water (by any desalination process) at acceptable cost,
Keywords
seawater, desalination, salinity – gradient, solar pond, technologies,
sun, Middle East, North Africa.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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