Water Conservation In Sandy Calcareous
Soils Amended With Clay Deposits
Author(s)
A. M. Al-Omran, A. S. Sheta, A. M. Falatah & A. R. Al-Harbi
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigation (levels and
methods) and types of clay deposits on squash fruit yield, water use efficiency
(WUE) and the distributions of soil moisture, salts and roots in the root zone of
sandy calcareous soils. Field experiments were conducted at the college
experimental station in the 2002 and 2003 seasons. They consist of three clay
deposits, three rates (0, 1.0, and 2.0%), four irrigation levels (60, 80, 100, and
120 % of ETo) using surface and subsurface drip irrigation. Results indicated
that squash fruit yield was significantly increased with an increase in irrigation
level, whereas WUE significantly increased then decreased at the highest
irrigation level. The average yield increased by 12.6% at the high irrigation level
compared to the moderate irrigation level, and decreased by 40.7% at the low
irrigation level. WUE increased by 7.53% at the high irrigation level and
decreased by 33.1% at the low irrigation level. Types of clay deposits
significantly affected fruit yields compared with the control. The yield increase
was 12.8, 8.35 and 6.4% for Khulays, Dhruma and Rawdat clay deposits,
respectively. The differences between surface and subsurface drip on fruit yields
and WUE were also significant. Results indicated that the moisture content of the
subsurface treated layer increased dramatically, while salts were accumulated at
the surface and away from the emitters in subsurface drip irrigation. The
advantages of subsurface drip irrigation were related to the relative decrease in
salt accumulation in the root zone area where the plant roots were active and
water content was relatively high.
Keywords
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