Crop Water Requirement And Availability In The
Lower Chenab Canal System In Pakistan
Author(s)
A. S. Shakir & M. M. Qureshi
Abstract
Lower Chenab Canal (LCC) is a perennial canal and conveys water to the fields
through a network of branch canals, distributaries, minors and watercourses. The
review of water supplies indicates a larger variation of discharges during the year
and from year to year. The crop water requirement for the cultivable area of
Lower Chenab Canal system is estimated using the state-of-the-art approaches.
The approaches used for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration are
reviewed. The review indicates that the Penman Monteith method is more
suitable and provides reliable results compared to other methods. Other methods
were also used but they seem to be less reliable in the light of previous
investigations in this region. The mean monthly reference evapotranspiration is
estimated using meteorological data of two stations (Faisalabad and Shorkot, the
only reliable data collecting centres in the area), using the Penman-Monteith
equation. The average annual reference evapotranspiration of the Lower Chenab
Canal system for the period 1951-2002 is estimated to be 1400-1500 mm. The
estimated values are maximum in June (203 mm) and minimum in December (43
mm) during this period. The area has an annual cycle of two main seasons named
as Rabi (from mid October to mid April) and Kharif (from mid April to mid
October). The average rainfall for the period 1998-2002 is 200 mm with a
maximum of 457 mm during year 2001. The estimated values of the
consumptive use for Kharif crops are 300mm to 1450mm and for Rabi crops are
250 mm to 400mm. The actual canal irrigation water supplied (11 years average)
for the LCC command area in Kharif season is about 5 BCM for a cultivated area
of 0.9 million hectors and 4 BCM for Rabi crops for a cultivated area of 0.8
million hectors. These estimates are based on the data available with the Punjab
Irrigation Department. The comparison of actual crop water requirement and
water supplied indicates a shortage of more than 60% in Kharif and about 17%
for Rabi crops.
The study brings out that command area of the LCC System is under severe
water shortage and is causing damaging effects on the irrigated agriculture.
There is a need to enhance the water allocations for the area within the available
water resources of the province. The better management and water conservation
strategies can further decrease the gap between demand and supply.
Keywords: reference evapotranspiration, Penman Monteith, crop coefficient,
consumptive use, Lower Chenab Canal.
Keywords
reference evapotranspiration, Penman Monteith, crop coefficient,
consumptive use, Lower Chenab Canal.
Related Book
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