Devising New Law To Address Global
Water Scarcity
Author(s)
J. W. Dellapenna
Abstract
In 1966, the International Law Association approved the Helsinki Rules on the
Uses of International Rivers. The Helsinki Rules quickly came to be seen as the
authoritative summary of the customary international law on transboundary or
internationally shared waters. The United Nations General Assembly, in 1970,
refrained from endorsing the Helsinki Rules, instead choosing to request the
International Law Commission to prepare a set of \“draft articles” on the \“nonnavigational
uses of international watercourses” modelled on the Helsinki Rules.
The Commission’s Draft Articles, completed in 1994, in turn were reworked by
the Sixth (Legal) Committee of the General Assembly into the United Nations
Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourse,
approved by the General Assembly by a vote of 103-3 on May 21, 1997. While
ratifications of the UN Convention have proceeded slowly and it has yet to enter
into force, it has become recognized as authoritative on the customary
international law governing the issues that it addresses. Finally, on August 21,
2004, the International Law Association, meeting in Berlin, approved the Berlin
Rules on Water Resources as the authoritative summary of all the customary
international law applicable to waters—including this time all waters and not just
to transboundary or international waters. The Berlin Rules thus for the first time
incorporate into a single document the customary international law applicable to
transboundary or internationally shared waters, the relevant international
environmental law, the relevant international law of human rights, and the
relevant international humanitarian law.
Keywords: Berlin Rules; conjunctive management; customary international
law; equitable utilization; integrated management; international environmental
law; international groundwater; Helsinki Rules; international watercourses,
participatory management; sustainable development; transboundary waters; UN
Convention on International Watercourses.
Keywords
Berlin Rules; conjunctive management; customary international
law; equitable utilization; integrated management; international environmental
law; international groundwater; Helsinki Rules; international watercourses,
participatory management; sustainab
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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