Groundwater Flow And Flushing Of Animal
Burrows In Tropical Mangrove Swamps
Author(s)
A. Susilo
Abstract
Tidal groundwater in a mangrove swamp can return to the mangrove creek by
one of two mechanisms: (a) flowing through the swamp soil due to water table
difference between the creek and the groundwater in the swamp; or (b) flowing
via tidal flushing of animal burrows. This paper compares the magnitude of these
two mechanisms for different regions of a mangrove swamp. Direct groundwater
flow rates resulted from water stored in the sediment as a consequence of
infiltration, especially during and after tidal inundation, were calculated for every
square meter in the surface of a mangrove forest from piezometer data. Flow
rates of water due to burrow flushing were determined based on published
surveys, by estimating the burrow volume and the percentage of the burrow
water that was flushed at each tidal inundation. Although direct groundwater flux
was found to decrease further away from the creek compared to that close to the
creek, it has similar range to burrow flushing flow. The direct groundwater flow
ranged from 0.004 to 0.04 m 3 /m 2 /day, whilst burrow flushing flux ranged from
0.01 to 0.04 m 3 /m 2 /day. Considering the errors involved in the experiments and
calculations, these ranges can be considered as being the same and neither of the
two processes can be considered as superior to the other. As a consequence,
surveys of groundwater processes in mangrove areas, and more generally in
swamp and tidal areas where animal burrows are present, will need to consider
both mechanisms. Investigations of the influence over flushing mechanisms of
different residence times of the water in burrows and in the sediment body would
also be recommended in order to establish salt and nutrient budget in mangrove
swamps.
Keywords: burrow flushing, groundwater flow, mangrove swamp, piezometer.
Keywords
burrow flushing, groundwater flow, mangrove swamp, piezometer.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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