Carbon Dioxide Long-term Emissions And
Its Storage Options In The Baltic Region
Author(s)
I. Kavaliauskaite, M. Uibu, S. Teir, R. Kuusik, R. Zevenhoven
& G. Denafas
Abstract
Among other greenhouse gases mainly carbon dioxide (CO2) is responsible for
the so-called enhanced greenhouse effect that causes global warming. The
majority of carbon dioxide emissions are from combustion of fossil fuels and
from industrial processes. Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion
could be reduced by capture and storage. One potential storage option is mineral
carbonation. Magnesium and calcium oxide-based minerals as well as waste
materials may be used for long-term storage of CO2 in the form of
environmentally stable carbonates. Helsinki University of Technology has
investigated the options for storing CO2 in the form of thermodynamically stable
and environmentally inert magnesium carbonate by utilizing mineral
carbonation. Large resources of minerals suitable for mineral carbonation appear
to exist in Finland and at many other locations worldwide. A combination of
thermodynamic and experimental investigations have been carried out at Tallinn
University of Technology proving the concept of abatement of CO2 emissions in
Estonia’s oil shale-based heat and power generation by wet carbonization of
alkaline waste ashes. CO2 emissions from the Baltic power sector utilizing local
fossil fuels are high. Although at present the Baltic States fulfil Kyoto protocol
requirements, their carbon dioxide emissions are expected to grow in the near
future. Upcoming markets for emission trading makes the research on storage
options valuable as well. This encourages evaluation of the main CO2 emissions
sources in the Baltic region. Also different storage options of CO2 in these
countries are discussed.
Keywords: carbon dioxide, mineral carbonation, storage, Baltic.
Keywords
carbon dioxide, mineral carbonation, storage, Baltic.
Related Book
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