Enhanced Soil-washing Treatment For Soils
Which Are Highly Contaminated With Crude Oil
Author(s)
L. G. Torres, A. L. Aguirre, A. Verdejo & R. Iturbe
Abstract
Soil and water contamination due to hydrocarbon spills is a frequent problem
worldwide. In the case of Mexico, even when programs oriented to the
diminution of these undesirable events are in progress, in the year 2000 a total of
1,518 hydrocarbon spills (6,250 tons) were reported. Surfactant enhanced
washing of soils is a remediation technology, which has been shown to be a high
cost-effective process. The first step in the washing process development is the
selection of suitable surfactants and doses. In this work, twelve anionic and
nonionic surfactants and their mixtures were assessed in the remediation of
highly contaminated crude oil soils. Moreover, the use of different amounts of
NaCl and Na-silicate (10%), due to the high amount of Ca, Mg and Mn in the
soils is shown and discussed. The studied soil was artificially contaminated with
crude oil from the El Batab (Campeche, Mexico) perforation well in a
concentration of 108,980 mgTPH/kg soil. SDS and E-600 surfactants at 1%
concentration achieved higher TPH removal rates (20.4 and 32.9%,
respectively). The surfactant-salt mixture that showed a TPH removal rate higher
than those obtained with the best single surfactants was SDS+ EW600+Na2SiO3
10% (30.2%). Using a tensiometric technique, the SDS critical micelle
concentration (CMC) was measured without any salt present and with 0.5, 1 and
2% of NaCl. These data were employed together with other surfactants CMC and
HLB (hydrophilic-lypophilic balance) reported values in order to explain the
surfactants performance during the soil washing assessments. In general, TPH
removal values were higher when high HLB values-surfactants were employed.
Keywords: crude oil, hydrocarbon spills, ionic, nonionic, soil washing,
surfactants.
Keywords
crude oil, hydrocarbon spills, ionic, nonionic, soil washing,
surfactants.
Related Book
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