Clean Technology For Alternative Irrigation
Systems
Author(s)
A. de Miranda
Abstract
In many countries of the Mediterranean basin, Near and East Asia, as well as in
some parts of Central and South America, the so-called “hydraulic noria”, one of
the categories of water-wheels, has represented a significant ecological system
which has played a leading role in solving the main problem of supplying and
carrying water for irrigation. This typology, based on the best employment of
the power of the river, is a clean technology for the environment with easy and
low-cost maintenance requirements.
This paper analyses some different and significant typologies still in use in
Syria, East Asia and Central America, focusing on their architectural aspects,
ecological characteristics and identifying differences, advantages and
disadvantages, by examining the shape and design of the wheels.
Keywords: Irrigation systems, landscape, mechanical devices, hydraulic noria.
1 Introduction
The “hydraulic noria” represents the most elegant of hydraulic devices. It is an
installation which, using the power of the river, raises water to irrigate fields
which are usually at a higher level than the level of the water (Figure 1). The
system is composed of two main parts, the wheel and the aqueduct. The wheel is
mobile and is placed beside the aqueduct, on the bank of a stream, in a vertical
position. The wheel is usually made of wood and is built by local craftsmen. The
main structure of these water-wheels consists of two pairs of continuous parallel
beams perpendicular to each other. They are the main spokes of the structure and
are pivoted around a central axis supported at each end by stone walls or poles
made of wood. The secondary beams stabilise the structure. The base of the
wheel is submerged in the river and turns because of the current. Water is
Keywords
Irrigation systems, landscape, mechanical devices, hydraulic noria.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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