Use Of Material Flow Analysis For Assessing
Solid Waste Management In Germany Regarding
Sustainable Solutions
Author(s)
N. Hartlieb, K.-R. Bräutigam, M. Achternbosch, C. Kupsch
& G. Sardemann
Abstract
Production and consumption activities lead to the depletion of limited resources
and to the pressure on environmental sinks. Despite their adverse effects on the
environment heavy metals like cadmium are still used in industry and consumer
products. As a consequence a special treatment of the resulting wastes is
necessary in many cases. Material flow analysis was used to assess waste
management practices in Germany regarding sustainability with a focus on
ecological aspects. As an example cadmium was traced from its production,
through its various applications to the recycling and disposal of the used
products. Balances were performed for the years 1995 until 2000. Cadmium is
generated as a by-product of zinc production. In the observed timeframe zinc
production in Germany did not change significantly leading to constant cadmium
amounts. However, due to recent regulations and voluntary agreements of the
industry cadmium containing products like pigments and stabilisers have been
banned increasingly from the German market. The consumption of Ni/Cd cells
has stayed constant. To reduce the environmental releases of cadmium different
measures have been taken: Maximising zinc recycling and cutting back on the
use of primary zinc; Substitution of cadmium in products where it is possible e.g.
in pigments and stabilisers and by replacing Ni/Cd cells by lithium- or NiMH-batteries;
Collection and recycling of products in order to reduce the amount of
cadmium in domestic wastes. Emissions of cadmium into air and water bodies
are declining. However, concentrations in soils and sediments show no
reduction. Input of cadmium in agricultural soils occurs mainly via two
pathways: atmospheric deposition and application of mineral fertilizers.
According to various sources in the literature, both input pathways lie in the
same order of magnitude.
Keywords: material flow analysis, cadmium, sustainable waste management.
Keywords
material flow analysis, cadmium, sustainable waste management.
Related Book
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