A Review Of Background Air Quality Trends In
Europe Using EMEP Data
Author(s)
J. M. Baldasano, M. Gonçalves & P. Jiménez
Abstract
An assessment of the trends of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx),
ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) was carried out in Europe taking into
account the EMEP data for 230 background air quality stations. The levels of
these pollutants since 1977 have been analysed for 35 countries. Differences
between the northern and southern regions of Europe are depicted, and also the
effects on air quality issues of the policies introduced during the last decades. In
addition, the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants are compared to the
objectives set in European Directives in order to identify areas where
exceedances of thresholds are more frequent.
The results for monthly and annual variations show that, despite the increase
in European population and the total energy consumption (mainly to the growth
in the transport sector), European policies have become effective in order to
control the levels of gaseous compounds and particles. The decreases are mainly
observed for primary pollutants, such as NOx, SO2 and PM. However, the levels
of background O3 present a differential behaviour attending to the region.
1 Introduction
Air quality affects the human health and ecosystems (Akimoto, [1]; Medina et
al., [6]). This problem was treated in several European regulations to control
emissions and ground-level concentrations of several atmospheric pollutants. Air
quality trends and data analysis during the last decades are essential to show the
evolution of the driving forces of air pollutants emissions and what policies have
been implemented for their control and reductions (Molina and Molina, [7]).
Therefore, in this work, analyses of the trends of background air pollutants in
Keywords
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