Evaporation Losses As A Major Factor In
Determining Allowable Yield From Water
Supply Reservoirs:
The Case Of Botswana’s Major Reservoirs
Author(s)
P. K. Kenabatho & B. P. Parida
Abstract
Reservoirs play an important role in storing water for various uses. This storage
is affected by rising demand due to changes in economic pattern and demand
distribution. Added to these is the effect of evaporation especially in semi-arid
areas with limited suitable reservoir sites. Botswana is one such country with flat
terrains, ephemeral rivers with sandy beds and often lacks well defined channels
for potential dam sites. These hydrographic factors lead to the development of
shallow and large reservoirs, which lose more water due to evaporation. In
assessing performance of Botswana’s major reservoirs, a modified sequent peak
algorithm has been used to study the effects of evaporation on reservoir sizing
and operation, and how that affects the yield. The study concludes that
evaporation is very critical for reservoir planning in semi-arid regions, because
for every storage there exists a range of yield to be supplied. Outside this range,
the effects of evaporation are more difficult to control.
Keywords: allowable yield, reservoir capacity, critical period.
1 Introduction
In semi-arid hydrology, evaporation losses are very important since they
influence storage capacity of surface reservoirs. The ability to account for
evaporation explicitly is thus important in these regions (Adeloye et al, [1]).
Accounting for evaporation in reservoir planning can alter the sequence of
critical period (CP, a period over which a full reservoir goes into empty without
spillage) and hence of the failure periods, when the reservoir is not able to meet
Keywords
allowable yield, reservoir capacity, critical period.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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