Stochastic Air Quality Analysis
Author(s)
V. P. Singh & L. Zhang
Abstract
Air quality and human health are intimately connected. In many urban areas in
the United States air quality becomes unacceptable several times a year. Ozone
(O3) is one of the most common used criteria for judging air quality. The ozone
(O3) concentration arises from photochemical reactions between oxides of
nitrogen and hydrocarbons in the presence of ultraviolet light. Higher ozone
concentrations usually are often observed in industrial areas and the areas with
high automobile emissions of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. These areas
therefore tend to have higher health problems. Thus, analysis of the ozone
concentration is important. Five variables pertaining to the ozone concentration
can be chosen for analysis: (1) the number of days the ozone concentration
exceeding the national ambient air quality standard and design value in a given
year; (2) the highest ozone reading in a given year; (3) the duration of an ozone
exceedance; (4) time interval between ozone exceedances; and (5) trend over
time of non-attainment parishes. These variables may be inter-related and may be
stochastic in nature. Using the copula concept, a stochastic analysis of the ozone
violation was undertaken in this study for the city of Baton Rouge in Louisiana.
Keyword: Archimedean copula, Cook-Johnson copula, EPA, Frank copula,
Gumbel-Hougaard copoula, ozone.
1 Introduction
Ozone is a gas composed of three atoms of oxygen. Ozone exists both in the
Earth's upper atmosphere and at ground level. Ozone, found naturally in the
Earth's upper atmosphere-6 to 30 miles above the Earth's surface, is considered
as Good Ozone. It forms a protective layer to reduce the harmful ultraviolet rays.
Ozone, found at the ground level is considered as Bad Ozone. It is one of the six
common air polutant.
Keywords
Archimedean copula, Cook-Johnson copula, EPA, Frank copula,
Gumbel-Hougaard copoula, ozone.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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