Human Health Risk From Trihalomethanes
In Drinking Water Evaluation
With Fuzzy Aggregation
Author(s)
S. Chowdhury & T. Husain
Abstract
The human body is most likely to ingest microbes or disinfection by-products
(DBPs) in drinking water. More than 80% of water treatment plants use chlorine
as a disinfectant. Approximately 14–16% of the bladder cancers in Ontario,
Canada, are attributable to the drinking waters containing relatively high levels
of chlorinated by-products (CBPs). In recent studies, in addition to the chronic
cancer risk from CBPs, several acute effects including cardiac anomalies,
stillbirth, miscarriage and pre-term delivery have been reported. In DBPs, the
formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) is highest (60–70%); thus the health risk
of THMs is likely to be the maximum. In this study, a framework for evaluating
human health risk from THMs using fuzzy aggregation is presented. The
triangular fuzzy membership functions (TFNs) are used to capture the associated
uncertainties. The analytic hierarchical process (AHP) has been employed for
weighting schemes of different level attributes. A sensitivity analysis has been
performed to verify the importance of different weighting schemes.
Keywords: disinfection by-products (DBPs), human health risk, THMs, fuzzy
aggregation and analytic hierarchy process (AHP).
1 Introduction
Use of disinfectants in drinking water supply systems virtually eliminated most
of the water borne diseases [15] but has led to the formation of several DBPs,
which are potential human health concern. More than 80% of water treatment
plants use chlorine as disinfectant [1]. The DBPs formed during chlorination has
proven history of chronic cancer risk and several acute effects to human [10, 19].
Keywords
disinfection by-products (DBPs), human health risk, THMs, fuzzy
aggregation and analytic hierarchy process (AHP).
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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