European UNESCO Cultural Heritage Sites
And The Air Pollution Effects
Author(s)
S. Doytchinov & A. Screpanti
Abstract
The International Cooperative Program on Effects on Materials, including
Historic and Cultural Monuments, is one of the effect oriented ICP-s under the
Convention of Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLTAP) of Geneva,
which studies the corrosion effects of air pollution on materials.
The Cultural Monuments (CM) created centuries ago that are exposed to the
open air are very sensitive to air pollution and some meteo-climatic parameters,
which have corroded them over time. Europe has one of the largest
concentrations of Cultural Heritage (CH) sites in the world. There are 745 sites
included in the UNESCO list, 387 of them in situated in Europe. In our study we
separate the European CH sites from the national parks and the remaining 243
CH sites were introduced one by one with exact geographical coordinates on the
European EMEP (50x50 km grid) projection map. To better represent the
concentration of CM in a single UNESCO site, the remaining sites were divided
into three categories (single monument, group of three to four monuments and a
large group of monuments), which were represented with different symbols on
the European map. So it became clear that the majority of CH sites are
concentrated in certain areas in Europe (the Mediterranean and Central
European).
Using the EMEP data, the European maps of media annual concentrations of
the most corrosive air pollutants and the values of the meteo-climatic parameters
were elaborated. To better understand the evolution trend of the air pollution
concentrations and the meteo-climatic situation three maps were produced for
every pollutant (for 1980, 1990 and 2000).
The air pollution and meteo-climatic maps were placed on top of the
European map of UNESCO sites mentioned previously. So it became very clear
which monuments had been exposed to which specific kinds of air pollution and
environmental effects in the last 20 years. In some parts of the continent (the
Mediterranean and some Central areas) where a large part of the CH were
exposed during the last 20 years some of the most corrosive air pollutants
remained on the same concentration level. Here special attention for the
preservation of the European CH is needed.
Keywords: EMEP transboundary air pollution, corrosion effects, UNESCO
European cultural heritage, anthropogenic activity.
Keywords
EMEP transboundary air pollution, corrosion effects, UNESCO
European cultural heritage, anthropogenic activity.
Related Book
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