Current Developments And Future Directions In
Nuclear Waste Immobilisation
Author(s)
E. R. Maddrell & N. B. Milestone
Abstract
Current development work towards novel wasteforms required for the on-going
decommissioning of the UK’s nuclear facilities is described. A discussion of
possible management options for future spent nuclear fuel arisings is given.
Keywords: nuclear, waste, wasteform, cement, glass, ceramic, spent fuel.
1 Introduction
Two principal technologies are currently employed for the immobilisation of
radioactive waste in the United Kingdom: vitrification for high level waste and
cementation for various intermediate level waste streams.
Cementation is used in a number of plants on the Sellafield site for the
immobilisation of secondary waste streams arising from fuel reprocessing
operations such as: metal swarf from the decladding of Magnox reactor fuel;
PWR and AGR oxide fuel assembly hulls and ends; ferric hydroxide and other
flocs; and barium carbonate slurries. Composite cement systems are used based
on binary blends of Ordinary Portland Cement [OPC] with high replacement
levels of either Blast Furnace Slag [BFS] for swarf, fuel hulls and slurries, or
Pulverised Fly Ash [PFA] for flocs. For fuel assembly components the cement is
mixed externally, poured into the drum and allowed to permeate around the
metal swarf, whilst for flocs and slurries an internal mixing operation is required
to produce a homogeneous blend of liquid waste and cement. Examples of
typical immobilised product are shown figure 1. The main objective of
cementation is the physical consolidation and stabilisation of the wastes until
such a time that they can be moved to safe disposal.
Keywords
nuclear, waste, wasteform, cement, glass, ceramic, spent fuel.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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