Defence Heritage Moves On To Civilian Futures
Author(s)
C. Clark
Abstract
Significant historic sites associated with national defence are on the closure list
in many countries, as armed forces are reduced and regrouped. This paper draws
on recent experience of their conversion to civilian uses in the US and Europe.
Government and independent research devoted to this specialised area has
appeared in England, France, Germany and the US, although the topic is still
rarely explored. In the 1990s, English Heritage produced thematic studies of
dockyards, barracks and subsequently airfields to identify important examples of
building types worthy of preservation. The UK Ministry of Defence produces
annual Stewardship reports on the defence estate. In 2002 the French Ministry
of Defence celebrated its heritage in a lavishly illustrated book: Patrimoine
militaire (Editions Scala, Paris). The Bonn International Center for Conversion
(BICC) does pioneering work on decontamination and the economic effects of
closure upon defence dominated communities. In the 1988–1995 rounds of the
US Base Realignment and Closure process used by the Department of Defense
were used to review and restructure its military installations, and the US House
Armed Services Subcommittee on Readiness have held hearings on the
management of historic military properties and installations.
Countries differ considerably in the regulations which govern the transitional
process to new uses. How defence sites are disposed of – by free transfer,
development by the local authority, public private partnership, or sale to the
highest bidder – has a strong influence on the power of different parties to
influence decision-making and hence on the outcomes and new land uses.
This rapidly moving and widespread process is still not much studied. There
is little interchange between countries undergoing similar experiences, the
importance of historic defence sites to their local communities is both cultural
and social. More needs to be done to share good practice in this most important
of transitions.
Keywords
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