Coral Reefs: Threats And Future Focusing
In Over-fishing, Aquaculture,
And Educational Programs
Author(s)
L. Molina Domínguez, F. Otero Ferrer & M. Izquierdo López
Abstract
Coral reefs cover less than 0.25% of the marine environment; however their
importance is not only justified by their beauty but also because coral reefs
provide food and livelihood to millions of people located in communities around
the world especially in developing countries. They are considered the \“rainforest
of the sea” (Spalding et al., 2001) because of their high productivity and
specially their biodiversity. In fact, coral reefs support approximately 4000
species of fish, about 800 of reef-building corals and more than a thousand other
invertebrates and sponges. Besides, a great number of species use these
ecosystems as reproduction or husbandry areas. 20% of the world’s coral reefs
have been effectively destroyed and show no immediate prospects of recovery
(Wilkinson 2004). The global threats to coral reefs began to raise alarm after the
Rio World Environmental Summit in 1992 and the 7th Symposium of Coral
Reefs, starting the first calls in order to stop the decline and to provide effective
protection for these ecosystems. The threats affecting coral reefs are great and
the degree of damage will depend on the different areas of coral reefs locations.
The threats can be classified into three groups (note that two are caused directly
or indirectly by human activity):
- Natural disasters, such as tropical storms, inundations, earthquakes,
volcanoes, etc. To a great extent coral reefs are generally considered to have a
strong potential to recover.
- Global climate change, such as increments of sea surfaces temperature,
rising CO2 levels and other pollutants.
- Direct human pressure, such as over-fishing, not only for food
consumption but also for aquariology purposes, development of coastal zones
(urban, industrial, tourism, and transport coral reefs uses).
Against these threats some possible solutions can and must be developed.
This paper focuses on over-fishing and the relationship between aquariology and
aquaculture.
Keywords: coral reef, aquariology, aquaculture.
Keywords
coral reef, aquariology, aquaculture.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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