Elemental Composition Of PM10 And PM2.5 In
Ambient Air Downwind Of Agricultural
Operations In California’s San Joaquin Valley
Author(s)
O. F. Carvacho, L. L. Ashbaugh & R. G. Flocchini
Abstract
Fugitive dust emissions from soil are thought to constitute a large fraction of the
PM10 and PM2.5 inventory in California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and other
western air basins, especially during dry periods. The major sources of these
emissions are paved and unpaved roads, construction sites, windblown dust, and
agricultural activities. Furthermore, PM10 and PM2.5 are considered to be among
the most harmful of all air pollutants. When inhaled these particles evade natural
defenses of the respiratory system and lodge deep in the lungs causing serious
health problems. Some heavy metals in small particles have the tendency to
donate electrons and to form basic oxides. Biologically, many metals are
essential to living systems and are involved in a variety of cellular,
physiological, and structural functions. But at high doses, many metals become
toxic. The route of exposure may affect the dose and the site where the metal
concentrates, and thus the observed toxic effect.
In California’s San Joaquin Valley, agricultural operations are highly
complex and potentially significant sources of PM10 and PM2.5, especially during
late summer and fall. A series of experiments was conducted to measure PM10
and PM2.5 emissions with traditional array sampling from agricultural operations
in San Joaquin Valley. The elemental analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 collected in the
field samples was conducted using Proton Induced X-Ray Emissions (PIXE),
Proton Elastic Scattering Analysis (PESA) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)
analytical techniques available in our laboratory.
The composition of PM10 dust collected downwind of agricultural operations
is different from the composition of the PM2.5 dust collected at the same time.
The smaller particles are enriched in sulphur and in heavy metals.
Keywords: PM10, PM2.5, fugitive dust, agriculture, particle speciation, elemental
composition.
Keywords
PM10, PM2.5, fugitive dust, agriculture, particle speciation, elemental
composition.
Related Book
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