Stratified Flow Over Topography:
Wave Generation And Boundary Layer Separation
Author(s)
B. R. Sutherland & D. A. Aguilar
Abstract
We have performed laboratory experiments to study wave generation over and in
the lee of model topography. We have chosen to use periodic, finite-amplitude
hills which are representative of the Earth’s major mountain ranges as well as
the repetitious topographic features of the ocean floor. The topographic shapes
are selected to encompass varying degrees of roughness, from smoothly-varying
sinusoidal hills to sharper triangular and rectangular hills.
Contrary to linear theory predictions, the (vertical displacement) amplitude of
the internal waves directly over the hills is generally much smaller than the hill
height. This is because fluid is trapped in the valleys between the hills effectively
reducing the amplitude of the hills. Thus the experiments serve to emphasize the
importance of boundary layer separation upon internal waves generated by flow
over rough topography.
1 Introduction
Internal waves propagate through fluids whose density, effectively, decreases continuously
with height. Like surface waves, fluid parcels associated with internal
waves move up and down due to buoyancy. However, the motion is not confined
to an interface and so it is possible for internal waves to move vertically as well as
horizontally through the fluid.
The strongest source of internal waves in the atmosphere results when stratified
air flows over mountain ranges. For hills that are periodic and sufficiently small
amplitude, linear theory predicts that waves are generated in the overlying air with
the same period as the time for flow from one hill crest to the next. The waves
propagate vertically away from the hills provided this period is longer than the
Keywords
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