Sediment Transport Via Dam-break Flows
Over Sloping Erodible Beds
Author(s)
M. Emmett & T. B. Moodie
Abstract
When a semi-infinite body of homogeneous fluid initially at rest behind a vertical
retaining wall is suddenly released by the removal of the barrier, the resulting
flow over a horizontal or sloping bed is referred to as a dam-break flow. When
bed resistance is neglected the exact solution, in the case of a stable horizontal
bed, may be obtained on the basis of shallow-water theory via the method
of characteristics and the results are well known. Discrepancies between these
shallow-water based solutions and experiments have been partially accounted for
by the introduction of flow resistance in the form of basal friction. This added
friction significantly modifies the wave speed and flow profile near the head of
the wave so that the simple exact solutions no longer apply. Various asymptotic
or numerical approaches must be implemented to solve these frictionally modified
depth-averaged shallow-water equations. When the bed is no longer stable so that
solid particles may be exchanged between the bed and the fluid, the dynamics of
the flow become highly complex as the buoyancy forces vary in space and time
according to the competing rates of erosion and deposition. It is our intention
here to study dam-break flows over erodible sloping beds as agents of sediment
transport, taking into account basal friction as well as the effects of particle
concentrations on flow dynamics including both erosion and deposition. We shall
consider shallow flows over initially dry beds and investigate the effects of changes
in the depositional and erosional models employed, in the nature of the drag acting
on the flow, and in the slope of the bed. These models include effects hitherto
neglected in previous studies and offer insights into the transport of sediment in
the worst case scenario of the complete and instantaneous collapse of a dam.
Keywords: gravity current, dam-break flow, sediment transport, dilute sediment.
Keywords
gravity current, dam-break flow, sediment transport, dilute sediment
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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