Analysis Of Tunnel Compression Wave
Generation And Distortion By The Lattice
Boltzmann Method
Author(s)
K. Akamatsu & M. Tsutahara
Abstract
The finite difference lattice Boltzmann method was applied to investigate the
generation of the compression wave produced when a high-speed train enters a
tunnel and the distortion of the wave front as it travels in the tunnel. The discrete
Boltzmann equation for the 3D39Q thermal BGK model is solved in threedimensional
space using a second-order Runge-Kutta scheme in time and a third
order upwind finite difference scheme in space. The arbitrary Lagrangian-
Eulerian formulation is applied to model the interaction of the moving train nose
and the tunnel portal. Numerical calculations are carried out for axisymmetric
trains with various nose profiles entering a long circular cylindrical tunnel with
straight and stepwise flared portals. The generation of the compression wave can
be described in terms of flow parameters along the train nose and the interaction
with the tunnel portal. The train speed and the train to tunnel area dependence of
the predicted wave strength are found to be in good agreement with an analytic
linear prediction. The distortion of the compression wave front that travels
within an acoustically smooth tunnel is consistent with the time-domain
computation of the one-dimensional Burgers equation. The non-linear steepening
is confirmed to be dependent on the initial steepness of the wave front, which is
determined by the interaction of the train nose and the tunnel portal. The tunnel
entrance with flared portals is shown not only to decrease the initial steepness of
the compression wave front but also to counteract the effect of non-linear
steepening.
Keywords: lattice Boltzmann method, high speed train, compression wave,
micro-pressure wave, nonlinear steepening, aerodynamic noise.
Keywords
lattice Boltzmann method, high speed train, compression wave,
micro-pressure wave, nonlinear steepening, aerodynamic noise
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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