Modified Pyro-metallurgical Technology For
Recovery Of Impurities From Crude Lead
Using Chalk Powder
Author(s)
F. H. Ibraheem
Abstract
Harris process is a well-known technology for purification of lead from alloying
elements (impurities) antimony, tin and arsenic, this process use sodium nitrate
as an oxidizing agent. Sodium nitrate is not enough secure to be used in a
foundry because its composition contains easily liberated oxygen for continuous
burning even without the existence of environmental oxygen. This is on one side
and on the other side sodium nitrate has limited availability because it can be
used in the manufacturing of explosive material. The scope of the research is to
find a material which can substitute for sodium nitrate and be feasible, safe and
has no environmental impact. The Harris method used sodium nitrate as an
oxidizing agent with sodium hydroxide for agglomeration of the floated skim
over molten lead followed by the bubbling of air through the molten lead which
is done under controlled temperatures and with efficient mixing.
It is found from the research that the fine powder of calcium carbonate grain
(chalk powder) takes a role as an oxidizing agent without air bubbling. It is
shown that the oxidation reactions occur on the surface of calcium carbonate
granules, is yellow–brown skims floating over molten surface from impurities
and lead oxidant, whenever a fine grain used, a higher efficiency is achieved.
The new technology has many advantages but it has also disadvantages
represented by increasing process technology time by 15% and increasing the
amount of solid skimmed waste by 10% which can later be recycled again to the
Keywords
purification of lead, urification
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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