Impact Of Boulders On Granular Strata:
A Geotechnical Rheological Model
Author(s)
C. di Prisco & M. Vecchiotti
Abstract
The aim of this paper consists of describing a rheological model developed by
the authors to simulate the impact of rock boulders on granular strata. The
boulder mass is lumped, and the homogeneous absorbing cushion is interpreted
as a coupled elasto–visco–plastic \“macro–element”. The constitutive model is
capable of simulating both vertical and inclined impacts on horizontal and
inclined planes. The constitutive parameters of the model are strictly related to
the geotechnical characteristics of the soil and in particular to the relative density
of the sand stratum. Numerical results are obtained by integrating a coupled twodimensional
differential equation system discretised by means of the finite
difference method.
Keywords: impact, sand strata, rheological model, macro-element approach,
viscoplasticity.
1 Introduction
The problem of the impact of a boulder on granular strata is nowadays of great
interest both for physics and engineers. In geotechnical engineering, for instance,
the problem of rock fall is usually tackled by means of semi-empirical or
statistical methods, and the boulder trajectory is simulated by using the lumped
mass approach (Bozzolo and Pamini [2]). In particular, the impact is interpreted
on the basis of restitution coefficients, whose calibration is not easy, because of
the large amount of factors that influence the phenomenon. As far as the design
of shelters or embankments is concerned, sophisticated numerical FEM or DEM
codes (Cundall [4]) can be employed. Unfortunately, the analyses we can
perform by means of these numerical codes are complex and time consuming.
The aim of this paper consists in describing an easy-to-use rheological model,
Keywords
impact, sand strata, rheological model, macro-element approach,
viscoplasticity.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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