Emergent Behaviours In Autonomous Robots
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Author(s)
B. Hutt, K. Warwick & I. Goodhew
Abstract
Chapter 14
Emergent behaviours in autonomous robots
B. Hutt, K. Warwick & I. Goodhew
Department of Cybernetics, University of Reading, UK.
Abstract
It is well known from the field of artificial life that complex and life-like behaviours can be
generated by apparently simple systems. Such behaviours are considered as being emergent, as
the simple systems that generate the behaviours do not themselves explicitly mention the behaviour
generated. Using such an approach it is possible to generate complex life-like behaviours in robots
by merely following a simple set of rules. Flocking in birds, herding in cattle and shoaling in fish
are all common examples of emergent coordinated group behaviours found in nature. Despite the
apparent complexity of these behaviours, it is possible to convincingly synthesise such behaviours
in robots using only simple sensors and programming. The evolution of life itself can be considered
as an emergent process with intelligence and many other interesting properties emerging through
the mechanisms of evolution. Algorithms based on the mechanisms of evolution have been used
with great success to evolve robot behaviours that are doubly emergent – where the evolved
behaviour is itself an emergent property of the evolutionary process and the implementation of
that behaviour is also emergent, as it is the product of simple rule following that does not mention
the behaviour.
1 Introduction
The natural world is teeming with a vast range of different biological organisms many of them
exhibiting extremely complex behaviours. It is well known that apparently complex and life-like
behaviours can be generated in artificial systems by surprisingly simple systems – a good example
of this is Conway’s game of life [1]. In Conway’s game high-level patterns and structures form
from extremely simple low-level rules.
The game of life is played out on an infinitely large grid of square cells rather like a chessboard.
In this system every cell in the grid is surrounded by eight other cells; with each cell on the grid in
one of two states – dead or alive. It is the number of live cells surrounding each cell that determines
the next state of the cell. The rules that govern the game of life are as follows – a dead cell with
exactly three live neighbours becomes a live cell, a live cell with two or three live neighbours
remains alive, in all other cases the cell becomes (or remains) dead. The elaborate patterns that can
Keywords
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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