Network Effects In Railways
Author(s)
A. Landex
Abstract
Railway operation is often affected by network effects as a change in one part of
the network can influence other parts of the network. Network effects occur
because the train runs may be quite long and since the railway system has a high
degree of interdependencies as trains cannot cross/overtake each other
everywhere in the network. First this paper describes network effects in general
(section 1). In section 2 the network effects for trains and how they can be
measured by scheduled waiting time is described. When the trains are affected
by network effects the passengers are also affected. Therefore, sections 3 and 4
describe the network effects for passengers and how they can be measured using
passenger delay models. Before the concluding remarks in section 6, section 5
discusses how the operation can be improved by examining network effects in
the planning process.
Keywords: network effect, train delay, passenger delay, scheduled waiting time.
Keywords
network effect, train delay, passenger delay, scheduled waiting time
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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