Toxic Greens: A Preliminary Study On Pesticide
Usage On Golf Courses In Northern Ireland And
Potential Risks To Golfers And The Environment
Author(s)
C. A. Kearns & L. Prior
Abstract
The pesticide hazards are well documented in their capacity to adversely affect
public health and the environment. This paper presents information from a
survey of pesticide usage practices on golf courses in Northern Ireland in 2008
and highlights the possible risks for golfers and for the environment from the use
of the chemicals. The findings suggest that pesticides are being applied at high
rates, on average 2.2kg/ha. The most heavily treated areas of courses are greens
and tees, mainly treated with fungicides. The principal reasons for use are to
control fusarium, leatherjackets, earthworm casts and daisies. The principal
pesticide types used overall are herbicides, with MCPA the most frequently used
active ingredient. The most regularly used pesticides leach readily in soil and
have been found in groundwater samples in Northern Ireland. The majority of
compounds reported used are listed as being toxic to wildlife with some also
being very toxic to the aquatic environment. Many of the pesticides used have
the potential to adversely affect human health. Early removal of spraying
notification found in the study may increase the risk of golfers coming into direct
contact with pesticides.
Keywords: pesticide use, non-agricultural, amenity, golf courses, herbicide use,
fungicide use, MCPA,2-4-D, Dicamba, pesticide risk.
Keywords
pesticide use, non-agricultural, amenity, golf courses, herbicide use,
fungicide use, MCPA,2-4-D, Dicamba, pesticide risk
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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