Mitigation Of Pathogens And Marine Biotoxins
Contamination In Shellfish
Author(s)
P. Fajardo, M. Atanassova, J. Cotterill, T. Wontner-Smith,
J. Vieites & A. Cabado
Abstract
The EU FP7 funded project \“Bio-engineered micro Encapsulation of Active
agents Delivered to Shellfish (BEADS)” is focused on mitigating the impact of
marine biotoxins (ASP/DSP), microbial contamination (bacteria/norovirus) and
the parasitic protozoan Bonamia ostreae on shellfish aquaculture.
Purpose: to develop probiotic diets and a microencapsulated delivery system
in the digestive tract of shellfish to improve depuration.
Feeding experiments were performed to identify the optimum size of alginate
microcapsules, testing three different sizes and colours containing nondegradable
fluorescent dye microbeads.
Oysters and mussels were placed in tanks containing filtered seawater. Three
sizes of microcapsules were mixed and shellfish were fed for 3 hours. Shellfish
were removed during the feeding period at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 hours and dissected.
Any capsules remaining in the water and in the digestive organs of shellfish were
extracted and measured using a fluoroskan analyzer.
A higher concentration of the smaller capsules was found in the digestive
gland, indicating that the smaller capsules were preferentially ingested. The
ingestion increased during the three-hour period. Fluorescent beads of different
colours embedded in alginate capsules were observed bound to the mucus string.
Mussels were more efficient than oysters in incorporating alginate beads that
were observed by light microscopy as intact in the digestive gland of mussels
and oysters during feeding period. Broken alginate beads were found in faeces.
During passage through the intestine, active agents embedded by alginate
capsules are released into the digestive gland providing a useful tool to transport
active agents.
Keywords
microcapsules, alginate, microbeads, shellfish, microbial contamination, Bonamia ostrae, virus, marine biotoxins, detoxification, depuration
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