North Breakwater In Otaru Port
Author(s)
K. Takahashi, H. Nakamura, T. Shibata, N. Usami & H. Saeki
Abstract
North Breakwater in Otaru Port is Japan's first full-fledged concrete block
breakwater faced to outer sea and has total extension length 1,289 m.
Investigation, planning, designing and construction of this breakwater were
carried out under the initiative of Dr. Isami Hiroi. This breakwater was put into
construction in 1897 and completed in 1908.
North Breakwater constructed in Otaru Port by Dr. Hiroi's far-reaching
perspective seeing of the future sufficiently fulfills its functions also nowadays
after its completion about 100 years ago.
1 Introduction
Hokkaido is an island located in the northern part of Japan and occupying about
22% of the territory of Japan. Full-fledged development of this island started
about 130 years ago. Along with progress
Keywords
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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