Embankment Dam Overtopping And Collapse:
An Innovative Approach To Predict
The Breach Outflow Hydrograph
Author(s)
C. Marche
Abstract
Dams play an essential role in water management. Many countries have adopted
norms, laws and regulations in order to reduce the risk of dam failure. Preparing
a dam safety emergency action plan starts with a study of dam-break flood waves
in order to identify the zones at risk. The selected failure mechanism has a
significant impact on the discharge at the dam and on the resulting water levels
and velocities along the downstream valley.
During an overtopping failure the breach formation is the result of
fluid-structure interactions: for instance, water flowing over the crest of a dam
induces shear stress and saturation in its surface layer which results in material
erosion. This erosion, if not controlled, ultimately results in the formation of a
breach, allowing the discharge to increase resulting in an accelerated rate of soil
removal and growth of the breach. An accurate prediction of the failure
discharge requires a breach development analysis based on the dynamic
interactions between the various physical processes involved.
In this paper, the ERODE numerical model is presented. The model allows
for the assessment of breach formation and failure discharge during an
overtopping event. Step by step calculations are performed, considering the
hydraulics of the flow over the dam, the soil erosion and the potential slope
instabilities in the breach during the entire process. Model validation has been
performed by means of comparison between predicted processes and measured
data obtained from real overtopping tests as performed on 6 m high
embankments in Norway. Several results illustrate ERODE performance and its
overall prediction sensitivity.
Keywords: dam, failure, erosion, breach development, dam break flood,
overtopping, water dam interaction.
Keywords
dam, failure, erosion, breach development, dam break flood,
overtopping, water dam interaction.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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