Collapse Analysis Of Reinforced And
Unreinforced Adobe Masonry Structures
Under Earthquake Actions –
Case Study: Bam Citadel
Author(s)
T. Bakeer & W. Jäger
Abstract
Bam Citadel, the largest adobe masonry building in the world, collapsed under
the earthquake of 2003. From a wide range of structures in Bam Citadel two
rooms were selected for collapse analysis. A combined FEM/DEM method was
used through explicit dynamic LS-DYNA software. A macro modelling strategy
has been chosen for masonry modelling. Potential cracks were defined by the aid
of CAD software for the whole geometry. Collapse analysis of the structure
without reinforcement has been done in order to determine the weak points
through the collapse sequence. The collapse of the unreinforced structure was
used as a guide for reinforcement locations. Reinforcement trials by glass fiber
bars with different locations and values have been tested to show the effect of
reinforcement on the collapse behaviour. Finally, glass fiber reinforcement bars
have been designed to prevent the collapse.
Keywords: adobe masonry, collapse analysis, macro modelling, combined
FEM/DEM, explicit dynamic.
1 Introduction
Bam Citadel was the largest adobe building in the world, located in Bam, a city
in Kerman province of southeastern Iran. It is listed by UNESCO as a part of the
World Heritage Site \“Bam and its Cultural Landscape”. This enormous citadel
was built some time before 500 BC and remained in use until 1850 AD.
On December 26, 2003, the citadel was almost completely destroyed by a
6.5 Richter scale earthquake and more than 90% of the (sun-dried) adobe and
Keywords
adobe masonry, collapse analysis, macro modelling, combined
FEM/DEM, explicit dynamic.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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