An Analysis Of The Performance Of Foams Used
In Hurling Helmets
Author(s)
K. Norris & S. Tiernan
Abstract
Head injuries can occur in most sporting activities. The seriousness of these
injuries can vary greatly depending on the sport. Many sports such as American
football, cricket, baseball and hurling try to reduce this risk by designing helmets
that are suitable to be worn by the players.
The National Standard Authority of Ireland (NSAI) has recently made great
strides in this area with the introduction of the first comprehensive standard
adopted for the sport I.S. 355:2006, which sets out new testing procedures that
all new helmets must meet. The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) has also
stated its intention to make the wearing of sports helmets compulsory up to
minor level. The hope is that in time all the players will become comfortable
with wearing helmets which has been found to be a major reason for the current
low wear rates.
This paper covers the testing and modelling of energy absorbing materials to
ascertain the optimum thickness, and density of foam within the helmet. Static
tests are carried out on a compression test machine to obtain stress/strain
properties. The foams are tested on a purpose built drop test rig; the
displacement, impact force, velocity and acceleration are measured using
LabView and a high speed camera with TEMA analysis software to gain a
greater understanding of the impact mechanics of each material.
The foams are modelled, both statically and dynamically, using finite element
analysis. The static model uses the ANSYS implicit solver, while the dynamic
model uses ANSYS/LS-DYNA to create and validate an appropriate foam
material model. The displacement, velocity, and energy results from the finite
element model and the test results are analysed and compared so that the
optimum density and thickness of foam can be obtained.
Keywords: head injuries, impact testing, finite element analysis.
Keywords
head injuries, impact testing, finite element analysis.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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