The Contribution Of Drinking Water Fluoride To
The Risk Of Dental Fluorosis In Estonia
Author(s)
E. Indermitte, A. Saava, S. Russak & A. Kull
Abstract
Fluoride is one of the few chemicals of natural origin that have been shown to
cause significant health effects in people through drinking-water. The association
between the fluoride level in drinking water and the degree of dental fluorosis
has been documented worldwide. The permissible maximum health-based
fluoride limit in drinking water is 1.5 mg/l. The aim of this paper is to assess
human exposure to drinking water fluoride in Estonia and determine the
contribution of drinking water fluoride content to the dental fluorosis risk. The
paper is based on the survey of drinking water supply in Estonia drawn from the
database of the National Health Protection Inspectorate and supplemented by a
special study to determine the fluoride content of water in public water supplies
all over Estonia. The retrospective case study to determine the risk of fluorosis
was carried out. The subjects of the study were 12 years old, living in six
districts of the town of Tartu with different fluoride content in drinking water.
In total 368 children were investigated. Fluoride content in the drinking water of
the Estonian population varied in a large scale. The permissible maximum limit
was exceeded in 14.4% of water samples. High levels of fluoride are due to a
natural geogenic source. The proportion of the population exposed to a high
fluoride level in drinking water was small (4.2%), mainly consumers of small
water supply systems in West-Estonia, where the only drinking water source is
the Silurian-Ordovician aquifer system. Association between prevalence of
dental fluorosis among 12-year old schoolchildren and fluoride content in
drinking water was observed. The obtained data allowed the assessment of the
risk of dental fluorosis for the Estonian population. Control of drinking water
quality is critical in preventing fluorosis.
Keywords: drinking water, Estonia, fluoride, fluorosis, health risks.
Keywords
drinking water, Estonia, fluoride, fluorosis, health risks.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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