Methods For Calculating PNECs Using
Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) With
Various Hypothesis On The Way To Handle
Ecotoxicity Data
Author(s)
P. Ciffroy
Abstract
Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methodology is currently used to
determine the Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) of a substance,
considering chronic ecotoxicological tests on three taxonomic groups: algae,
invertebrates and vertebrates (aquatic environment). However, SSD
methodology raises some practical questions due to the multiple possibilities of
handling the available data. In particular the following points are often
discussed: (1) how to take into account the intra-species variation; (2) how to
handle heterogeneous repartition of available data among the taxonomic groups;
(3) could we use the information contained in acute data, and how, in the
construction of SSDs; (4) when only a limited number of data is available, how
is it possible to build relevant SSDs. Different approaches have been tested in
answer to each of these questions: For questions (1) and (2): different methods
were compared, each of them being characterized by a different way of taking
into account intra-species variation and proportions of taxonomic groups
(vertebrates, invertebrates and algae), as well as by the actual method of
calculation of the HC5 (Hazardous Concentration) and its confidence interval.
These different methods were compared for 15 substances using NOEC data
available in the literature and the uncertainty associated to the data treatment was
quantified. For question (3): an \“Acute-to-Chronic Transformation” (ACT)
function was derived and a methodology for the incorporation of acute data in
the construction of SSDs was tested. This ACT method was tested on 11
substances: for each substance, the actual chronic SSD was compared to the
predicted SSD derived from the incorporation of transformed acute data. For
question (4): Bayesian methods were tested to build SSDs from limited datasets
and the relevance of such methods was discussed. Various approaches are
suggested here in answer to each of these three questions. They have been
combined in a comprehensive overview to define alternative strategies according
to the availability of ecotoxicological data.
Keywords: risk assessment, species sensitivity distribution, PNEC, uncertainty.
Keywords
risk assessment, species sensitivity distribution, PNEC, uncertainty.
Related Book
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