Air Pollution Monitoring And
Evaluation Framework For South Africa:
Prioritizing Vulnerable Communities
Author(s)
C. Wright
Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Furthermore,
the severity of health outcomes associated with air pollution exposure is not
uniform within populations. In South Africa, the problem is exacerbated since
several vulnerable communities live in close proximity to pollution sources. The
National Environmental Management: Air Quality Act No. 39 of 2004 aims to
protect the health of South Africans through the implementation of air quality
management plans and monitoring programmes. To assess the effectiveness of
these actions and implemented mitigation measures with respect to health
outcomes, specific indicators are required. Therefore, the aim was to determine
South African-appropriate indicators and health data necessary to successfully
evaluate efforts to reduce air pollution and associated adverse human health
effects, and to consider mechanisms for accessing and integrating these data into
a monitoring and evaluation framework. In a preliminary study, a population air
pollution exposure and vulnerability risk prioritization model for potential use by
municipal air quality managers was developed. The model included vulnerability
factors such as poverty, respiratory and other diseases, lack of education and
poor living conditions, all of which are important in areas occupied by
previously disadvantaged communities. High-risk areas in terms of air pollution
health impacts were identified using a set of indicators that assessed air pollution
sources, ambient air pollution levels and air pollution potential, as well as
community awareness, observations, perceptions and actions. The model was
applied to the eThekwini Municipality (Kwazulu-Natal Province). Data were
extracted from multiple sources for a selection of municipal wards and scored to
illustrate categorisation of communities to prioritize those vulnerable
Keywords
air pollution, vulnerability, monitoring and evaluation
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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