Ecology And Health In Risk Analysis Of
Polluted Soils
Author(s)
A. J. Hernández, M. J. Gutiérrez-Ginés & J. Pastor
Abstract
Risk analysis can be used as a scientific tool for addressing the health of
ecosystems. Here we describe a protocol for characterizing risks in the
ecosystems of several polluted soil scenarios in the Madrid Community (Central
Spain). Our starting hypothesis was that to recover the health of degraded
ecosystems that could affect public health, an ecotoxicological diagnosis of each
site is required. The sites we considered were industrial and urban solid waste
landfills and abandoned mines. This diagnosis revealed many interacting
processes that need to be assessed if we are to realistically address the issue of
restoring impacts on ecosystems affected by soil pollution. These processes are:
1) Geo-edaphic processes, requiring the analysis of geomorphologic factors;
2) Chemical–physical processes occurring in the soils, such as the release of
anions or cations ; 3) Erosion–pollution processes that require an understanding
of the autoecology of plant species that could be used for remediation in
scenarios with this dual problem; 4) Bioaccumulation–biodegradation processes,
requiring the integration of microbiology and plant biology tools to assess any
toxic effects on soil and plant subsystem populations; 5) Edaphic–bioavailability
processes, since different ecotypes show a varying response to a given soil;
6) Population–ecopathology development processes, essential for both cultivated
and native plant species comprising trophic networks; 7) Secondary–primary
ecological succession processes, a commonly observed mechanism in old
landfills sealed with soils from the surroundings-ecological knowledge of
reference communities is essential for a good ecotoxicological diagnosis.;
8) Climate change–global warming processes, of utmost importance for
revegetating polluted soils since success will depend both on the soil seed bank
and on stochastic processes.
Keywords: ecotoxicology, heavy metals, abandoned mines, old landfills.
Keywords
ecotoxicology, heavy metals, abandoned mines, old landfills
Related Book
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