The Use Of Wastes As Alternative Fuels
In Cement Production
Author(s)
J. Karagiannis, Ch. Ftikos & P. Nikolopoulos
Abstract
The high burning temperature, the long retention time inside the kiln, the
oxidizing atmosphere, the ash absorption in the clinker and the chemical
conditions render the cement kilns ideal installations where wastes can be burned
safely. Consequently, some of the wastes may be potential candidates to be used
as alternative fuels in cement production that boasts a lot of environmental
benefits. These wastes include a variety of materials like used tires, animal meal,
refused derived fuels (RDF), solvents, used oils, biomass etc. During the clinker
production process, the organic part of the wastes is totally destroyed whereas
the inorganic compounds and heavy metals are incorporated in the interstitial
phase or substitute calcium or silicon in the silicate phases of the clinker.
However, due to their origin these wastes introduce into the cement making
process several trace elements that may affect the process itself as well as the
properties of clinker.
This work investigates the effects of the use of biomass (cotton stalks) and
RDF on the properties of Portland cement clinker. In this respect, ash of these
two waste materials was introduced in the raw mix in diverse proportions. The
clinkerization characteristics and the microstructure of the lab prepared raw
mixes and of the reference mixture were investigated by Differential Thermal
Analysis-Thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), Optical Microscopy (OM) and X-Ray
Diffraction (XRD). The derived results suggest that both waste materials, RDF
and cotton stalks can be used as an alternative to replace fossil fuels, such as
coal, for the production of Portland cement clinker.
Keywords: wastes, alternative fuels, portland cement clinker, trace elements.
Keywords
wastes, alternative fuels, portland cement clinker, trace elements.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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